ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Copaifera langsdorffii oleoresin, which has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, healing among others. The oleoresin was tested against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria related to infections in cutaneous wounds. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Copaiba oleoresin showed antimicrobial activity only against the Gram-positive bacteria with MIC of 200 µg/mL, 400 µg/mL and 1100 µg/mL for S. aureus, S. pyogenes and E. faecalis, respectively. MBC values were the same as MIC for S. aureus and S. pyogenes and for E. faecalis it was 1200 µg/mL. Considering that infection significantly impairs the wound healing process, we believe that the use of copaiba oleoresin as a component of a topical formulation could be a valuable adjunct in the treatment of infected wounds, mainly in the case of wounds infected by Gram-positive microorganisms.
Este trabalho avaliou a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do óleo-resina da Copaifera langsdorffii, o qual vem sendo utilizado há muitos anos na medicina tradicional popular, principalmente devido às suas propriedades antiinflamatórias, antibacterianas, cicatrizante entre outras. O óleo-resina foi testado em bactérias Gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis) e Gram-negativas (Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli) relacionadas com infecções de úlceras cutâneas. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelos testes da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). O óleo-resina apresentou atividade antimicrobiana in vitro apenas para as bactérias Gram-positivas, com valores de CIM de 200 µg/mL, 400 µg/mL e 1100 µg/mL para S. aureus, S. pyogenes e E. faecalis, respectivamente. Os valores de CBM foram os mesmos que os valores de MIC para S. aureus e S. pyogenes. O valor de CBM para o microrganismo E. faecalis foi de 1200 µg/mL. Considerando que a presença de infecção significativamente impede o processo normal de cicatrização de úlceras cutâneas, acreditamos que o óleo-resina de copaíba, utilizado como componente de formulações tópicas, poderia ser um adjunto importante no tratamento de úlceras cutâneas infectadas, principalmente nos casos de infecção por microrganismos Gram-positivos.
Subject(s)
Plant Oils/analysis , Fabaceae/classification , Wound Healing , Anti-Infective AgentsABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to compare healing obtained with biomembranes with the natural healing process (sham) using biochemical and immunohistological assays. C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups of 15 mice each and received different subcutaneous implants: natural latex biomembrane (NLB), denatured latex (DL), expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE), or sham. On the 2nd, 7th, and 14th days post-treatment, 5 mice per group were sacrificed and biopsied for the following measurements: oxidative stress based on malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and hydrogen peroxide by the method of ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX), as well as glutathione and total proteins; histological evaluation to enumerate inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, and collagen, and immunohistochemical staining for inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). On day 2 post-treatment, NLB stimulated a dense inflammatory infiltrate mainly consisting of polymorphonuclear cells, as indicated by increased MPO (P < 0.05), but oxidative stress due to MDA was not observed until the 7th day (P < 0.05). The number of blood vessels was greater in NLB (P < 0.05) and DL (P < 0.05) mice compared to sham animals on day 14. NLB induced fibroplasia by day 14 (P < 0.05) with low expression of TGF-β1 and collagenesis. Thus, NLB significantly induced the inflammatory phase of healing mediated by oxidative stress, which appeared to influence the subsequent phases such as angiogenesis (with low expression of VEGF) and fibroplasia (independent of TGF-β1) without influencing collagenesis.